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Sunday, January 31, 2010

Windows Vista


Windows Vista is a line of operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablet PCs, and media center PCs. Prior to its announcement on July 22, 2005, Windows Vista was known by its codename "Longhorn."[3] Development was completed on November 8, 2006; over the following three months it was released in stages to computer hardware and software manufacturers, business customers, and retail channels. On January 30, 2007, it was released worldwide,[4] and was made available for purchase and download from Microsoft's website.[5] The release of Windows Vista came more than five years after the introduction of its predecessor, Windows XP, the longest time span between successive releases of Microsoft Windows desktop operating systems. It was succeeded by Windows 7 which was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and for the general public on October 22, 2009.

Windows Vista contains many changes and new features, including an updated graphical user interface and visual style dubbed Windows Aero, a redesigned search function, multimedia tools including Windows DVD Maker, and redesigned networking, audio, print, and display sub-systems. Vista aims to increase the level of communication between machines on a home network, using peer-to-peer technology to simplify sharing files and digital media between computers and devices. Windows Vista includes version 3.0 of the .NET Framework, allowing software developers to write applications without traditional Windows APIs.

Microsoft's primary stated objective with Windows Vista has been to improve the state of security in the Windows operating system.[6] One common criticism of Windows XP and its predecessors is their commonly exploited security vulnerabilities and overall susceptibility to malware, viruses and buffer overflows. In light of this, Microsoft chairman Bill Gates announced in early 2002 a company-wide "Trustworthy Computing initiative" which aims to incorporate security work into every aspect of software development at the company. Microsoft stated that it prioritized improving the security of Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 above finishing Windows Vista, thus delaying its completion.[7]

While these new features and security improvements have garnered positive reviews, Vista has also been the target of much criticism and negative press. Criticism of Windows Vista has targeted its high system requirements, its more restrictive licensing terms, the inclusion of a number of new digital rights management technologies aimed at restricting the copying of protected digital media, lack of compatibility with some pre-Vista hardware and software, and the number of authorization prompts for User Account Control. As a result of these and other issues, Windows Vista had seen initial adoption and satisfaction rates lower than Windows XP.[8] However, with an estimated 330 million Internet users as of January 2009, it had been announced that Vista usage had surpassed Microsoft’s pre-launch two-year-out expectations of achieving 200 million users.[9] [10] At the release of Windows 7 (October 2009), Windows Vista (with approximately 400 million Internet users) was the second most widely used operating system on the Internet with an approximately 23.6% market share, the most widely used being Windows XP with an approximately 60% market share.[11]

Wednesday, January 27, 2010

Windows 7



Windows 7 is the latest public release version of Microsoft Windows, a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, netbooks, tablet PCs, and media center PCs.[3] Windows 7 was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009,[4] and reached general retail availability on October 22, 2009,[5] less than three years after the release of its predecessor, Windows Vista. Windows 7's server counterpart, Windows Server 2008 R2, was released at the same time.
Unlike its predecessor, which introduced a large number of
new features, Windows 7 was intended to be a more focused, incremental upgrade to the Windows line, with the goal of being fully compatible with applications and hardware with which Windows Vista is already compatible.[6] Presentations given by Microsoft in 2008 focused on multi-touch support, a redesigned Windows Shell with a new taskbar, referred to as the Superbar, a home networking system called HomeGroup,[7] and performance improvements. Some applications that have been included with prior releases of Microsoft Windows, including Windows Calendar, Windows Mail, Windows Movie Maker, and Windows Photo Gallery, are not included in Windows 7;[8][9] most are instead offered separately as part of the free Windows Live Essentials suite.[10]

Monday, January 25, 2010

Moray Eel (Belut Moray):


Sejenis belut ini bisa ditemukan di seluruh dunia menyelinap di celah-celah atau retakan karang – dimana dia menunggu mangsanya lewat dan menyergapnya dgn rahangnya yg kuat. Karnivora menakutkan ini adalah pemakan hewan-hewan laut meskipun bisa jg mengakibatkan luka pada manusia yg terlalu dekat dgnnya. Kelihatannya belut yg bisa mencapai panjang 13 ft ini lebih suka menghindar daripada menyerang dan hanya menyerang manusia utk mempertahankan dirinya atau menggigit tangan secara tdk sengaja karena dikira makanannya. Ketika merasa diganggu, makhluk ini menjadi ganas; dan bakteri yg terdpt pada gigi-giginya bisa menyebabkan luka yg serius. Pada beberapa spesiesnya, lendir di kulitnya jg mengandung racun.
Ciri khas Moray lainnya adalah adanya rahang kedua di kerongkongannya yg jg punya gigi. Saat berburu mangsa dan menangkapnya, ikan ini akan mengeluarkan rahangnya ini di mulutnya, melumat mangsanya dan menariknya ke dlm pencernaannya

Anglerfish:


tdk ada ikan lain yg seseram ikan ini, berkeliaran di kedalaman laut, Anglerfish. Bersembunyi jauh di kedalaman lautan, ikan ini dinamakan demikian (anglerfish=ikan pemancing) karena caranya menangkap mangsa yg unik dgn menggunakan bagian tubuhnya yg menonjol keluar dari kepalanya yg mirip dgn kail pancing yg ajaibnya mampu mengeluarkan cahaya bioluminescent yg berasal dari jutaaan bakteri bercahaya yg menempel di situ. Hal ini cukup menarik mangsanya utk mendekat dan begitu menyentuh “umpan” ini, Anglefish akan langsung bereaksi cepat melahapnya.
Mulutnya yg besar siap menerkam dan rahangnya yg bergigi panjang dan mengarah ke dlm membuatnya mudah memasukkan mangsa ke perut sekaligus menutup jalan keluar dari mulutnya. Predator mieip mesin ini mampu membesarkan rahang dan perutnya sehingga mangsa yg lebih besar dari dirinya bisa masuk ke dalamnya. Hantu lautan ini dpt ditemukan di kedalaman 3.300 hingga 6.600 ft di bawah lautan. O, ya, panjangnya bisa mencapai 2 ft.

Ikan Pirana


Meskipun ikan ini byk dimunculkan di film2 horror bikinan manusia, tapi di dunia nyata sesungguhnya ikan ini memang ganas dan menakutkan. Barisan gigi-gigi tajamnya tersusun rapat dan tersambung satu sama lainnya. Gigi-gigi itu didesain sempurna utk menusuk dan mencabik-cabik daging dgn cepat dimana ikan ini tergolong memiliki nafsu makan yg rakus. Jika sedang lapar dan tdk ada pilihan lain ikan ini jg agresif terhadap jenisnya sendiri dan melakukan kanibalisme.
Meski piranha berburu mangsa dgn kejam dan sangat teroganisir, pada saat defence tertentu ikan ini jg memakan tumbuhan seperti rumput. Penelitian jg menyatakan perilaku ikan ini yg membentuk sebuah kelompok besar sebagai pertahanannya terhadap predator seperti buaya dan lumba-lumba sungai sekaligus sebuah strategi utk memangsanya. Meskipun cuma ikan – Anda mkn lebih memandangnya lebih cocok menjadi santapan dinner daripada sebaliknya – Anda tdk akan sungguh-sungguh nyemplung di perairan Amazon dgn kaki telanjang utk mengundang para pencabik daging itu. Anda mkn biasa memberi makanan pada binatang, tapi yg satu ini akan menyerbu dan mencabik-cabik tanpa menunggu undangan kedua. Waks! Sereem…

Sunday, January 24, 2010

Zaman Batu

Zaman Batu ialah satu tempoh prasejarah yang luas semasa manusia menggunakan batu untuk membuat alat-alat.
Alat-
alat batu diperbuat daripada berbagai-bagai jenis batu. Umpamanya, flin dan rijang dibentuk (atau diserpihkan) untuk digunakan sebagai perkakas pemotongan dan senjata, manakala basalt dan batu pasir digunakan untuk alat-alat batu berasah, seperti batu kisar. Kayu, tulang, cangkerang, tanduk rusa dan bahan-bahan lain juga digunakan secara meluas pada zaman ini. Pada akhir zaman ini, endapan (seperti tanah liat) telah digunakan untuk membuat tembikar. Satu rentetan inovasi teknologi logam mencirikan Zaman Tembaga, Zaman Gangsa dan Zaman Besi yang kemudian.
Zaman Batu merangkumi penerapan
teknologi pertama yang meluas dalam evolusi manusia serta penyebaran kemanusiaan dari savana Afrika Timur ke bahagian-bahagian lain di dunia. Zaman ini berakhir dengan pengembangan pertanian, pembelajinakan sebilangan haiwan, dan peleburan bijih tembaga untuk menghasilkan logam. Zaman Batu diistilahkan sebagai prasejarah kerana manusia masih belum memulakan penulisan — permulaan sejarah yang tradisional, iaitu sejarah tercatat.
Istilah "Zaman Batu" telah digunakan oleh ahli-ahli
arkeologi untuk menandakan zaman pra-metalurgi yang alat-alat batunya (artifak-artifak) jauh lebih tahan berbanding dengan alat-alat yang diperbuat daripada bahan-bahan lain (yang lebih lembut). Zaman ini ialah zaman pertama dalam sistem tiga zaman. Dalam buku klasiknya, Zaman-zaman Prasejarah, pada tahun 1865, John Lubbock membahagikan lagi Zaman Batu kepada tiga subzaman, iaitu zaman Paleolitik, Mesolitik, dan Neolitik. Walaupun demikian, ketiga-tiga subzaman ini masih boleh dibahagikan lagi. Sebenarnya, turutan fasa-fasa amat berbeza dari satu wilayah (dan kebudayaan arkeologi) ke satu wilayah. Sebenarnya, kemanusiaan berkembang ke bidang-bidang baru secara berterusan semasa zaman-zaman logam dan oleh itu, adalah lebih baik untuk seseorang mengatakan sesuatu Zaman Batu (bahasa Inggeris: a ), berbanding dengan si Zaman Batu (bahasa Inggeris: the).